• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for detecting electric arcs in an enclosure defining a volume to be monitored, comprising: a step (11, 13) for measuring an acoustic level at frequencies greater than about 60 kHz by filtering the lower frequencies ; and a step (15) of comparing said level with a threshold (TH).
    公开号:FR3015045A1
    申请号:FR1362789
    申请日:2013-12-17
    公开日:2015-06-19
    发明作者:Pierre Perichon
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] B12992 - DD14995 1 DETECTION OF ELECTRIC ARCS Field This description relates generally to arcing protection systems and, more particularly, arcing detection. The present description applies more particularly to the detection of electric arcs in a closed environment. DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART In any electrical system, whether it be a power generation system such as a solar power station, an energy storage system, for example a set of batteries , an energy conversion system such as a transformer, a transport system, such as a set of cables, etc., the occurrence of arcing is particularly detrimental. An electric arc can cause damage not only to the system itself, but also cause significant collateral damage, such as fire. It has long been sought to reliably detect the occurrence of an electric arc.
    [0002] Several solutions have already been proposed using either a measurement of current and voltage, or an optical radiation measurement, or a measurement of the electromagnetic field B12992 - DD14995 2 magnetic. All these methods have the drawbacks of being dedicated to a particular application and not being transposable to other systems. It has also been proposed to detect electric arcs from their acoustic signature. Thus, for overhead power lines, an acoustic sensor having a resonance frequency of 40 kHz is used and an operator monitors the appearance of an audible signal by means of headphones. Such a method is however not transposable in a noisy environment that constitutes the majority of environments of production systems, transport, consumption of electrical energy. WO-A-2011090464 discloses a method and apparatus for detecting arcs and their location in electrical wiring and operates at a frequency range of 28 to 32 kHz. More recently, the Applicant has proposed (WO-A2013150157) a DC power source having interconnected batteries in a housing, an acoustic sensor and a housing charging medium having a homogeneous acoustic impedance and serving as an acoustic connection between interconnections of the batteries and the sensor. This solution advocates the use of an ultrasonic sensor with a bandwidth extending at least between 20 kHz and 150 kHz. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present disclosure aims at overcoming all or part of the disadvantages of known arcing detection systems. Another embodiment aims to provide an arcing detection system more particularly intended for a noisy environment. Thus, an embodiment provides a method for detecting arcing in a chamber defining a volume to be monitored, comprising: a step of measuring an acoustic level at frequencies above about 60 kHz by filtering lower frequencies; and a step of comparing said level with a first threshold. According to one embodiment, said first threshold is determined as a function of a noise level captured in the absence of electric arcs. According to one embodiment, the measurement takes into account frequencies in a range of about 60 kHz to about 300 kHz, preferably in a range of about 60 kHz to about 150 kHz. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of comparing, at a second threshold, the result of a correlation between a model of the temporal response of an electric arc and the measurement. One embodiment provides an arcing detection system comprising: an enclosure defining a volume to be monitored; and an acoustic measuring device filtering frequencies below about 60 kHz. According to one embodiment, the measuring device is sensitive to frequencies in a range of about 60 kHz to about 300 kHz, preferably in a range of about 60 kHz to about 150 kHz. According to one embodiment, the measuring device comprises an acoustic sensor. According to one embodiment, the response of the acoustic sensor excludes frequencies below about 60 kHz. According to one embodiment, said device comprises an electronic filter of frequencies below about 60 kHz. According to one embodiment, the enclosure has no opening larger than 5 mm.
    [0003] B12992 - DD14995 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other objects, features, and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments in a nonlimiting manner in connection with the accompanying figures, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates an example of spectral response of an electric arc; FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary ambient noise spectrum typical in the environment of an electrical system; FIG. 3 very schematically shows an embodiment of an arcing detection system; FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a mode of implementation of the method of arcing detection; and FIG. 5 very schematically represents an example of application of the system of FIG. 3. Detailed Description The same elements have been designated with the same references in the various figures. For the sake of clarity, only the elements useful for understanding the embodiments to be described have been shown and will be detailed. In particular, the electrical devices whose system detects the arcs have not been detailed, the described embodiments being compatible with the various electrical devices for production, transportation and consumption. Moreover, when referring to the expressions "approximately", "about" or "about", that means to within 10%, and when mentioning an identity or an equality, that means to the dispersions technological close 30. An electric arc appears in an insulating medium separating two conductive elements at different electrical potentials and in which a current flows, electrical conduction occurring in the space separating these two conductive elements. The appearance of an electric arc is accompanied by an acoustic and ultrasonic acoustic response. The arcing detection method and the associated systems which will be described have their origin in a new analysis made by the inventor of the acoustic phenomenon accompanying an electric arc and in the acoustic response of the targeted environments. Acoustic detection systems have traditionally focused either on a wide frequency range, as in the case of WO-A-2013150157, playing on the surrounding medium, or on a frequency range below 40 kHz as this is the case of the document WO-A-2011090464. Figure 1 shows, schematically, the acoustic response of an electric arc in the air. The inventor has found that this response may vary slightly depending on the medium but that an electric arc, while having a response having a high level between about 30 kHz and about 70 kHz, has a spectrum that extends to at 150 kHz or more, with significant levels relative to the surrounding noise. The inventor has also found that, contrary to popular belief that environments are strongly noisy by signals in frequencies above forty kHz, these noise levels are generally lower than the levels of an electric arc at these frequencies. frequencies. Figure 2 schematically shows the ambient noise spectrum of an environment representative of the environments generally encountered in applications where it is desired to detect arcing. In fact, the ambient noise is mainly in the sound domain (below 20 kHz) and, if it has some peaks at higher frequencies (for example due to switching of mechanical systems), generally has a mean level clearly B12992 - DD14995 6 less than that of an electric arc for frequencies greater than about 60 kHz. In the embodiments that will be described, it is intended to use an acoustic sensor in an enclosure 5 in which it is desired to detect the appearance of electric arcs, and to filter (eliminate) at the sensor or the sensor. associated with this sensor, frequencies below about 60 kHz. FIG. 3 very schematically shows in block form an embodiment of an arcing detection system. An acoustic sensor 1 is placed in an enclosure 2 inside which is located the volume to be monitored, that is to say the electrical elements (not shown) 15 may cause an electric arc. This volume is not treated in a particular way, that is to say that it is, in practice, most often constituted by ambient air. The walls of the chamber 2 attenuate the noise coming from the outside. In the sound and ultrasonic frequency range up to about 60 kHz, however, this attenuation is not sufficient for the amplitude of the acoustic wave to be less than that caused by an electric arc within the acoustic wave. pregnant. However, for frequencies greater than about 60 kHz, the level of ambient noise outside the enclosure is generally low enough that the walls of the enclosure cause sufficient attenuation. Thus, by filtering the response of the acoustic sensor to eliminate frequencies below about 60 kHz, it is possible to distinguish the ambient noise coming from the outside of the enclosure, from an electric arc occurring within the enclosure. In addition, the filtering makes it possible to overcome also the noises generated inside the enclosure in which the sensor is located.
    [0004] B12992 - DD14995 7 To improve detection, it will be possible to ensure that the enclosure has no openings so as to improve the attenuation of the ambient noise. In the case of openings in the enclosure, preference will be given to ensuring that these openings have dimensions smaller than the majority propagation wavelength of the electric arcs, for example less than a few mm, preferably less than 4 mm. . Thus, it is avoided that the sensor located in the enclosure detects an external arc.
    [0005] Depending on the volume to be monitored, it will be possible to partition this volume into several closed spaces and several acoustic sensors (at least one per closed space). FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the arcing detection method.
    [0006] We begin by measuring (block 11, SENSE), using an acoustic sensor, the sound amplitude in the volume considered. Then (or simultaneously if the sensor itself has a response eliminating frequencies below about 60 kHz), high-pass filtering (block 13, FILTER) is applied which eliminates frequencies below about 60 kHz. The resulting signal S is interpreted by an electronic circuit and is compared (block 15, S> TH ) To a threshold TH. If the level of the signal S is greater than the threshold TH (output Y of the block 15), it is considered that there is an electric arc (ARC). According to a first embodiment, in the opposite case (output N of block 15), a normal situation (OK) is considered. The threshold TH is preferably set taking into account the surrounding noise, that is to say that it is chosen to be greater than the level of the sound signal picked up by the sensor 1 in the frequency range greater than about 60 kHz in the absence of an electric arc. Preferably, signals in a frequency range from about 60 kHz to about B12992 - DD14995 8,300 kHz are preferably considered, preferably in a frequency range from about 60 kHz to about 150 kHz. Preferably (step 17 CORREL, illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 4), the determination is refined by comparing, at a second threshold, the result of a correlation between a temporal response model (TEMP) of an electric arc and the response of the sensor. If the response of the sensor is considered sufficiently close to the model (Y output of block 17), the presence of an arc is valid. For example, for this second comparison, we can draw inspiration from the technique described in the document WO-A-2013150157 already mentioned. An example application relates to motor vehicles and, more particularly, electric vehicles containing a large number of batteries, which increases the risk of arcs, because of vibrations, shocks, etc. The enclosure in which the batteries are generally contained is a sufficient filter for external noise, with a frequency greater than about 60 kHz, to be sufficiently filtered so that, inside the enclosure, an electric arc is reflected in the acoustic sensor by a signal level significantly higher than the noise. FIG. 5 schematically shows in the form of blocks an embodiment of an arcing detection system according to this application example.
    [0007] An enclosure 2 is assumed in which batteries 3 are arranged and interconnected. A connector 4 (for example, a terminal block), accessible from outside the enclosure 2, makes it possible to connect the batteries 3 to their application environment. The chamber 2 also contains an acoustic sensor 1, connected to an electronic device 5, for interpreting the signals picked up by the sensor. The device 5 comprises, for example, communication elements of the state of the detection or signaling of the presence of an arc (visual, audible or other alarm).
    [0008] B12992 - DD14995 9 In the example of FIG. 5, the presence of a low-pass filter 52 (cut-off frequency at about 60 kHz), acoustic or electronic, at the level of the sensor 1 is assumed. As a variant, this filter (Then electronic) is at the device 5. Another example of application is the detection of electric arcs in an aircraft and, more particularly, in the technical parts of the cabin. It has been found that the cabin constitutes an obstacle to ambient noise and that an electric arc will present, in the enclosure containing the electric cables, a signal of amplitude greater than these ambient noise, so that the detection can take place by setting an appropriate threshold. If the signal measured by the sensor (eliminating frequencies below about 60 kHz) has an amplitude greater than this threshold, a high risk of arcing may be considered. Another example of application relates to electrical panels intended to distribute a power supply in different circuits. Especially in an industrial environment, vibrations can cause loosening of cable fasteners to different circuit breakers and connectors, which can lead to the appearance of arcing. In this application, non-harmful electric arcs can occur in switches or circuit breakers located in the volume to be monitored during switching. The casings of these switches or circuit breakers attenuate the amplitude of the acoustic wave caused by these arcs, so that by properly selecting the detection threshold by the sensor, these "useful" arcs can be distinguished from accidental arcs occurring. in the monitored volume. An advantage of the embodiments that have been described is that it is now possible to detect arcing in an acoustically noisy environment. Another advantage is that the implementation is simple by taking advantage of the enclosures that generally surround the areas in which detection is desired. It is therefore not usually necessary in practice to provide a specific speaker. Various embodiments have been described, various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, any possible partitions and the number of acoustic sensors depends on the volume to be monitored. Furthermore, the practical implementation of the described embodiments is within the abilities of those skilled in the art from the functional description above, in particular with regard to the production of the electronic signal interpretation device. captured and exploitation of the results of the detection. In addition, the choice of the values of the detection threshold or thresholds depends on the application and is also within the scope of those skilled in the art.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of detecting arcing in an enclosure (2) defining a volume to be monitored, comprising: a step (11, 13) of measuring an acoustic level at frequencies above about 60 kHz by filtering the lower frequencies; and a step (15) of comparing said level with a first threshold (TH).
    [0002]
    The method of claim 1, wherein said first threshold (TH) is determined based on a noise level sensed in the absence of arcing.
    [0003]
    The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the measurement takes into account frequencies in a range of about 60 kHz to about 300 kHz, preferably in a range of about 60 kHz to about 150 kHz. 15
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a step (17) for comparing, at a second threshold, the result of a correlation between a model of the temporal response of an electric arc and the measured.
    [0005]
    5. Arc detection system, comprising: an enclosure (2) defining a volume to be monitored; and an acoustic measuring device (1, 5) filtering frequencies below about 60 kHz. 25
    [0006]
    The system of claim 5, wherein the measuring device (1, 5) is responsive to frequencies in a range of about 60 kHz to about 300 kHz, preferably in a range of about 60 kHz to about 150 kHz. kHz.
    [0007]
    System according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the measuring device (1, 5) comprises an acoustic sensor (1).
    [0008]
    8. System according to claim 7, wherein the response of the acoustic sensor (1) excludes frequencies below about 60 kHz.B12992 - DD14995 12
    [0009]
    9. System according to claim 8, wherein said device (1, 5) comprises an electronic filter (52) of frequencies below about 60 kHz.
    [0010]
    10. System according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the enclosure (2) has no aperture larger than 5 mm.
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1997024742A1|1995-12-27|1997-07-10|Quiet Power Systems, Inc|Method and apparatus for locating partial discharge in electrical transformers|EP3232212A1|2016-04-14|2017-10-18|Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives|System and method for detecting an electric arc|
    FR3053122A1|2016-06-27|2017-12-29|Commissariat Energie Atomique|DEVICE FOR DETECTING AN ELECTRIC ARC FROM ITS ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE|
    US10690713B2|2015-12-28|2020-06-23|Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives|Method of detecting an electric arc by analysis of its acoustic signature|FR1362789A|1963-06-14|1964-06-05|Stramax Sa|Device for influencing the artificial climate of premises|
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    FR2989227B1|2012-04-06|2014-05-02|Commissariat Energie Atomique|BATTERY OF ACCUMULATORS PROTECTED AGAINST ELECTRIC ARCS|DE102015225442A1|2015-12-16|2017-06-22|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Arc recognition device, corresponding method and electronic component|
    法律状态:
    2015-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-01-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-12-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    2021-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |
    优先权:
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    FR1362789A|FR3015045B1|2013-12-17|2013-12-17|DETECTION OF ELECTRIC ARCS|FR1362789A| FR3015045B1|2013-12-17|2013-12-17|DETECTION OF ELECTRIC ARCS|
    US15/105,533| US10317454B2|2013-12-17|2014-12-08|Electric arc detection|
    PCT/EP2014/076922| WO2015091071A1|2013-12-17|2014-12-08|Electric arc detection|
    EP14808668.9A| EP3084455A1|2013-12-17|2014-12-08|Electric arc detection|
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